7.4. matcher

matcher 相关的实现都在 src/create-matcher.js 中,我们先来看一下 matcher 的数据结构:

export type Matcher = {
  match: (raw: RawLocation, current?: Route, redirectedFrom?: Location) => Route;
  addRoutes: (routes: Array<RouteConfig>) => void;
};

Matcher 返回了 2 个方法,matchaddRoutes,在上一节我们接触到了 match 方法,顾名思义它是做匹配,那么匹配的是什么,在介绍之前,我们先了解路由中重要的 2 个概念,LoactionRoute,它们的数据结构定义在 flow/declarations.js 中。

Location

declare type Location = {
  _normalized?: boolean;
  name?: string;
  path?: string;
  hash?: string;
  query?: Dictionary<string>;
  params?: Dictionary<string>;
  append?: boolean;
  replace?: boolean;
}

Vue-Router 中定义的 Location 数据结构和浏览器提供的 window.location 部分结构有点类似,它们都是对 url 的结构化描述。举个例子:/abc?foo=bar&baz=qux#hello,它的 path/abcquery{foo:bar,baz:qux}Location 的其他属性我们之后会介绍。

Route

declare type Route = {
  path: string;
  name: ?string;
  hash: string;
  query: Dictionary<string>;
  params: Dictionary<string>;
  fullPath: string;
  matched: Array<RouteRecord>;
  redirectedFrom?: string;
  meta?: any;
}

Route 表示的是路由中的一条线路,它除了描述了类似 Loctaionpathqueryhash 这些概念,还有 matched 表示匹配到的所有的 RouteRecordRoute 的其他属性我们之后会介绍。

createMatcher

在了解了 LocationRoute 后,我们来看一下 matcher 的创建过程:

export function createMatcher (
  routes: Array<RouteConfig>,
  router: VueRouter
): Matcher {
  const { pathList, pathMap, nameMap } = createRouteMap(routes)
  function addRoutes (routes) {
    createRouteMap(routes, pathList, pathMap, nameMap)
  }
  function match (
    raw: RawLocation,
    currentRoute?: Route,
    redirectedFrom?: Location
  ): Route {
    const location = normalizeLocation(raw, currentRoute, false, router)
    const { name } = location
    if (name) {
      const record = nameMap[name]
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
        warn(record, `Route with name '${name}' does not exist`)
      }
      if (!record) return _createRoute(null, location)
      const paramNames = record.regex.keys
        .filter(key => !key.optional)
        .map(key => key.name)
      if (typeof location.params !== 'object') {
        location.params = {}
      }
      if (currentRoute && typeof currentRoute.params === 'object') {
        for (const key in currentRoute.params) {
          if (!(key in location.params) && paramNames.indexOf(key) > -1) {
            location.params[key] = currentRoute.params[key]
          }
        }
      }
      if (record) {
        location.path = fillParams(record.path, location.params, `named route "${name}"`)
        return _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
      }
    } else if (location.path) {
      location.params = {}
      for (let i = 0; i < pathList.length; i++) {
        const path = pathList[i]
        const record = pathMap[path]
        if (matchRoute(record.regex, location.path, location.params)) {
          return _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
        }
      }
    }
    return _createRoute(null, location)
  }
  // ...
  function _createRoute (
    record: ?RouteRecord,
    location: Location,
    redirectedFrom?: Location
  ): Route {
    if (record && record.redirect) {
      return redirect(record, redirectedFrom || location)
    }
    if (record && record.matchAs) {
      return alias(record, location, record.matchAs)
    }
    return createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom, router)
  }
  return {
    match,
    addRoutes
  }
}

createMatcher 接收 2 个参数,一个是 router,它是我们 new VueRouter 返回的实例,一个是 routes,它是用户定义的路由配置,来看一下我们之前举的例子中的配置:

const Foo = { template: '<div>foo</div>' }
const Bar = { template: '<div>bar</div>' }
const routes = [
  { path: '/foo', component: Foo },
  { path: '/bar', component: Bar }
]

createMathcer 首先执行的逻辑是 const { pathList, pathMap, nameMap } = createRouteMap(routes) 创建一个路由映射表,createRouteMap 的定义在 src/create-route-map 中:

export function createRouteMap (
  routes: Array<RouteConfig>,
  oldPathList?: Array<string>,
  oldPathMap?: Dictionary<RouteRecord>,
  oldNameMap?: Dictionary<RouteRecord>
): {
  pathList: Array<string>;
  pathMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord>;
  nameMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord>;
} {
  const pathList: Array<string> = oldPathList || []
  const pathMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord> = oldPathMap || Object.create(null)
  const nameMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord> = oldNameMap || Object.create(null)
  routes.forEach(route => {
    addRouteRecord(pathList, pathMap, nameMap, route)
  })
  for (let i = 0, l = pathList.length; i < l; i++) {
    if (pathList[i] === '*') {
      pathList.push(pathList.splice(i, 1)[0])
      l--
      i--
    }
  }
  return {
    pathList,
    pathMap,
    nameMap
  }
}

createRouteMap 函数的目标是把用户的路由配置转换成一张路由映射表,它包含 3 个部分,pathList 存储所有的 pathpathMap 表示一个 pathRouteRecord 的映射关系,而 nameMap 表示 nameRouteRecord 的映射关系。那么 RouteRecord 到底是什么,先来看一下它的数据结构:

declare type RouteRecord = {
  path: string;
  regex: RouteRegExp;
  components: Dictionary<any>;
  instances: Dictionary<any>;
  name: ?string;
  parent: ?RouteRecord;
  redirect: ?RedirectOption;
  matchAs: ?string;
  beforeEnter: ?NavigationGuard;
  meta: any;
  props: boolean | Object | Function | Dictionary<boolean | Object | Function>;
}

它的创建是通过遍历 routes 为每一个 route 执行 addRouteRecord 方法生成一条记录,来看一下它的定义:

function addRouteRecord (
  pathList: Array<string>,
  pathMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord>,
  nameMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord>,
  route: RouteConfig,
  parent?: RouteRecord,
  matchAs?: string
) {
  const { path, name } = route
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    assert(path != null, `"path" is required in a route configuration.`)
    assert(
      typeof route.component !== 'string',
      `route config "component" for path: ${String(path || name)} cannot be a ` +
      `string id. Use an actual component instead.`
    )
  }
  const pathToRegexpOptions: PathToRegexpOptions = route.pathToRegexpOptions || {}
  const normalizedPath = normalizePath(
    path,
    parent,
    pathToRegexpOptions.strict
  )
  if (typeof route.caseSensitive === 'boolean') {
    pathToRegexpOptions.sensitive = route.caseSensitive
  }
  const record: RouteRecord = {
    path: normalizedPath,
    regex: compileRouteRegex(normalizedPath, pathToRegexpOptions),
    components: route.components || { default: route.component },
    instances: {},
    name,
    parent,
    matchAs,
    redirect: route.redirect,
    beforeEnter: route.beforeEnter,
    meta: route.meta || {},
    props: route.props == null
      ? {}
      : route.components
        ? route.props
        : { default: route.props }
  }
  if (route.children) {
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      if (route.name && !route.redirect && route.children.some(child => /^\/?$/.test(child.path))) {
        warn(
          false,
          `Named Route '${route.name}' has a default child route. ` +
          `When navigating to this named route (:to="{name: '${route.name}'"), ` +
          `the default child route will not be rendered. Remove the name from ` +
          `this route and use the name of the default child route for named ` +
          `links instead.`
        )
      }
    }
    route.children.forEach(child => {
      const childMatchAs = matchAs
        ? cleanPath(`${matchAs}/${child.path}`)
        : undefined
      addRouteRecord(pathList, pathMap, nameMap, child, record, childMatchAs)
    })
  }
  if (route.alias !== undefined) {
    const aliases = Array.isArray(route.alias)
      ? route.alias
      : [route.alias]
    aliases.forEach(alias => {
      const aliasRoute = {
        path: alias,
        children: route.children
      }
      addRouteRecord(
        pathList,
        pathMap,
        nameMap,
        aliasRoute,
        parent,
        record.path || '/'
      )
    })
  }
  if (!pathMap[record.path]) {
    pathList.push(record.path)
    pathMap[record.path] = record
  }
  if (name) {
    if (!nameMap[name]) {
      nameMap[name] = record
    } else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && !matchAs) {
      warn(
        false,
        `Duplicate named routes definition: ` +
        `{ name: "${name}", path: "${record.path}" }`
      )
    }
  }
}

我们只看几个关键逻辑,首先创建 RouteRecord 的代码如下:

 const record: RouteRecord = {
  path: normalizedPath,
  regex: compileRouteRegex(normalizedPath, pathToRegexpOptions),
  components: route.components || { default: route.component },
  instances: {},
  name,
  parent,
  matchAs,
  redirect: route.redirect,
  beforeEnter: route.beforeEnter,
  meta: route.meta || {},
  props: route.props == null
    ? {}
    : route.components
      ? route.props
      : { default: route.props }
}

这里要注意几个点,path 是规范化后的路径,它会根据 parentpath 做计算;regex 是一个正则表达式的扩展,它利用了path-to-regexp 这个工具库,把 path 解析成一个正则表达式的扩展,举个例子:

var keys = []
var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/:bar', keys)
// re = /^\/foo\/([^\/]+?)\/?$/i
// keys = [{ name: 'bar', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }]

components 是一个对象,通常我们在配置中写的 component 实际上这里会被转换成 {components: route.component}instances 表示组件的实例,也是一个对象类型;parent 表示父的 RouteRecord,因为我们配置的时候有时候会配置子路由,所以整个 RouteRecord 也就是一个树型结构。

if (route.children) {
  // ...
  route.children.forEach(child => {
  const childMatchAs = matchAs
    ? cleanPath(`${matchAs}/${child.path}`)
    : undefined
  addRouteRecord(pathList, pathMap, nameMap, child, record, childMatchAs)
})
}

如果配置了 children,那么递归执行 addRouteRecord 方法,并把当前的 record 作为 parent 传入,通过这样的深度遍历,我们就可以拿到一个 route 下的完整记录。

if (!pathMap[record.path]) {
  pathList.push(record.path)
  pathMap[record.path] = record
}

pathListpathMap 各添加一条记录。

if (name) {
  if (!nameMap[name]) {
    nameMap[name] = record
  }
  // ...
}

如果我们在路由配置中配置了 name,则给 nameMap 添加一条记录。

由于 pathListpathMapnameMap 都是引用类型,所以在遍历整个 routes 过程中去执行 addRouteRecord 方法,会不断给他们添加数据。那么经过整个 createRouteMap 方法的执行,我们得到的就是 pathListpathMapnameMap。其中 pathList 是为了记录路由配置中的所有 path,而 pathMapnameMap 都是为了通过 pathname 能快速查到对应的 RouteRecord

再回到 createMather 函数,接下来就定义了一系列方法,最后返回了一个对象。

return {
  match,
  addRoutes
}

也就是说,matcher 是一个对象,它对外暴露了 matchaddRoutes 方法。

addRoutes

addRoutes 方法的作用是动态添加路由配置,因为在实际开发中有些场景是不能提前把路由写死的,需要根据一些条件动态添加路由,所以 Vue-Router 也提供了这一接口:

function addRoutes (routes) {
  createRouteMap(routes, pathList, pathMap, nameMap)
}

addRoutes 的方法十分简单,再次调用 createRouteMap 即可,传入新的 routes 配置,由于 pathListpathMapnameMap 都是引用类型,执行 addRoutes 后会修改它们的值。

match

function match (
  raw: RawLocation,
  currentRoute?: Route,
  redirectedFrom?: Location
): Route {
  const location = normalizeLocation(raw, currentRoute, false, router)
  const { name } = location
  if (name) {
    const record = nameMap[name]
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      warn(record, `Route with name '${name}' does not exist`)
    }
    if (!record) return _createRoute(null, location)
    const paramNames = record.regex.keys
      .filter(key => !key.optional)
      .map(key => key.name)
    if (typeof location.params !== 'object') {
      location.params = {}
    }
    if (currentRoute && typeof currentRoute.params === 'object') {
      for (const key in currentRoute.params) {
        if (!(key in location.params) && paramNames.indexOf(key) > -1) {
          location.params[key] = currentRoute.params[key]
        }
      }
    }
    if (record) {
      location.path = fillParams(record.path, location.params, `named route "${name}"`)
      return _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
    }
  } else if (location.path) {
    location.params = {}
    for (let i = 0; i < pathList.length; i++) {
      const path = pathList[i]
      const record = pathMap[path]
      if (matchRoute(record.regex, location.path, location.params)) {
        return _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
      }
    }
  }
  return _createRoute(null, location)
}

match 方法接收 3 个参数,其中 rawRawLocation 类型,它可以是一个 url 字符串,也可以是一个 Location 对象;currentRouteRoute 类型,它表示当前的路径;redirectedFrom 和重定向相关,这里先忽略。match 方法返回的是一个路径,它的作用是根据传入的 raw 和当前的路径 currentRoute 计算出一个新的路径并返回。

首先执行了 normalizeLocation,它的定义在 src/util/location.js 中:

export function normalizeLocation (
  raw: RawLocation,
  current: ?Route,
  append: ?boolean,
  router: ?VueRouter
): Location {
  let next: Location = typeof raw === 'string' ? { path: raw } : raw
  if (next.name || next._normalized) {
    return next
  }
  if (!next.path && next.params && current) {
    next = assign({}, next)
    next._normalized = true
    const params: any = assign(assign({}, current.params), next.params)
    if (current.name) {
      next.name = current.name
      next.params = params
    } else if (current.matched.length) {
      const rawPath = current.matched[current.matched.length - 1].path
      next.path = fillParams(rawPath, params, `path ${current.path}`)
    } else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      warn(false, `relative params navigation requires a current route.`)
    }
    return next
  }
  const parsedPath = parsePath(next.path || '')
  const basePath = (current && current.path) || '/'
  const path = parsedPath.path
    ? resolvePath(parsedPath.path, basePath, append || next.append)
    : basePath
  const query = resolveQuery(
    parsedPath.query,
    next.query,
    router && router.options.parseQuery
  )
  let hash = next.hash || parsedPath.hash
  if (hash && hash.charAt(0) !== '#') {
    hash = `#${hash}`
  }
  return {
    _normalized: true,
    path,
    query,
    hash
  }
}

normalizeLocation 方法的作用是根据 rawcurrent 计算出新的 location,它主要处理了 raw 的两种情况,一种是有 params 且没有 path,一种是有 path 的,对于第一种情况,如果 currentname,则计算出的 location 也有 name

计算出新的 location 后,对 locationnamepath 的两种情况做了处理。

  • namename 的情况下就根据 nameMap 匹配到 record,它就是一个 RouterRecord 对象,如果 record 不存在,则匹配失败,返回一个空路径;然后拿到 record 对应的 paramNames,再对比 currentRoute 中的 params,把交集部分的 params 添加到 location 中,然后在通过 fillParams 方法根据 record.pathlocation.path 计算出 location.path,最后调用 _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom) 去生成一条新路径,该方法我们之后会介绍。
  • path 通过 name 我们可以很快的找到 record,但是通过 path 并不能,因为我们计算后的 location.path 是一个真实路径,而 record 中的 path 可能会有 param,因此需要对所有的 pathList 做顺序遍历, 然后通过 matchRoute 方法根据 record.regexlocation.pathlocation.params 匹配,如果匹配到则也通过 _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom) 去生成一条新路径。因为是顺序遍历,所以我们书写路由配置要注意路径的顺序,因为写在前面的会优先尝试匹配。

最后我们来看一下 _createRoute 的实现:

function _createRoute (
  record: ?RouteRecord,
  location: Location,
  redirectedFrom?: Location
): Route {
  if (record && record.redirect) {
    return redirect(record, redirectedFrom || location)
  }
  if (record && record.matchAs) {
    return alias(record, location, record.matchAs)
  }
  return createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom, router)
}

我们先不考虑 record.redirectrecord.matchAs 的情况,最终会调用 createRoute 方法,它的定义在 src/uitl/route.js 中:

export function createRoute (
  record: ?RouteRecord,
  location: Location,
  redirectedFrom?: ?Location,
  router?: VueRouter
): Route {
  const stringifyQuery = router && router.options.stringifyQuery
  let query: any = location.query || {}
  try {
    query = clone(query)
  } catch (e) {}
  const route: Route = {
    name: location.name || (record && record.name),
    meta: (record && record.meta) || {},
    path: location.path || '/',
    hash: location.hash || '',
    query,
    params: location.params || {},
    fullPath: getFullPath(location, stringifyQuery),
    matched: record ? formatMatch(record) : []
  }
  if (redirectedFrom) {
    route.redirectedFrom = getFullPath(redirectedFrom, stringifyQuery)
  }
  return Object.freeze(route)
}

createRoute 可以根据 recordlocation 创建出来,最终返回的是一条 Route 路径,我们之前也介绍过它的数据结构。在 Vue-Router 中,所有的 Route 最终都会通过 createRoute 函数创建,并且它最后是不可以被外部修改的。Route 对象中有一个非常重要属性是 matched,它通过 formatMatch(record) 计算而来:

function formatMatch (record: ?RouteRecord): Array<RouteRecord> {
  const res = []
  while (record) {
    res.unshift(record)
    record = record.parent
  }
  return res
}

可以看它是通过 record 循环向上找 parent,只到找到最外层,并把所有的 record 都 push 到一个数组中,最终返回的就是 record 的数组,它记录了一条线路上的所有 recordmatched 属性非常有用,它为之后渲染组件提供了依据。

总结

那么到此,matcher 相关的主流程的分析就结束了,我们了解了 LocationRouteRouteRecord 等概念。并通过 matchermatch 方法,我们会找到匹配的路径 Route,这个对 Route 的切换,组件的渲染都有非常重要的指导意义。下一节我们会回到 transitionTo 方法,看一看路径的切换都做了哪些事情。