7.3. VueRouter 对象

VueRouter 的实现是一个类,我们先对它做一个简单地分析,它的定义在 src/index.js 中:

export default class VueRouter {
  static install: () => void;
  static version: string;
  app: any;
  apps: Array<any>;
  ready: boolean;
  readyCbs: Array<Function>;
  options: RouterOptions;
  mode: string;
  history: HashHistory | HTML5History | AbstractHistory;
  matcher: Matcher;
  fallback: boolean;
  beforeHooks: Array<?NavigationGuard>;
  resolveHooks: Array<?NavigationGuard>;
  afterHooks: Array<?AfterNavigationHook>;
  constructor (options: RouterOptions = {}) {
    this.app = null
    this.apps = []
    this.options = options
    this.beforeHooks = []
    this.resolveHooks = []
    this.afterHooks = []
    this.matcher = createMatcher(options.routes || [], this)
    let mode = options.mode || 'hash'
    this.fallback = mode === 'history' && !supportsPushState && options.fallback !== false
    if (this.fallback) {
      mode = 'hash'
    }
    if (!inBrowser) {
      mode = 'abstract'
    }
    this.mode = mode
    switch (mode) {
      case 'history':
        this.history = new HTML5History(this, options.base)
        break
      case 'hash':
        this.history = new HashHistory(this, options.base, this.fallback)
        break
      case 'abstract':
        this.history = new AbstractHistory(this, options.base)
        break
      default:
        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
          assert(false, `invalid mode: ${mode}`)
        }
    }
  }
  match (
    raw: RawLocation,
    current?: Route,
    redirectedFrom?: Location
  ): Route {
    return this.matcher.match(raw, current, redirectedFrom)
  }
  get currentRoute (): ?Route {
    return this.history && this.history.current
  }
  init (app: any) {
    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && assert(
      install.installed,
      `not installed. Make sure to call \`Vue.use(VueRouter)\` ` +
      `before creating root instance.`
    )
    this.apps.push(app)
    if (this.app) {
      return
    }
    this.app = app
    const history = this.history
    if (history instanceof HTML5History) {
      history.transitionTo(history.getCurrentLocation())
    } else if (history instanceof HashHistory) {
      const setupHashListener = () => {
        history.setupListeners()
      }
      history.transitionTo(
        history.getCurrentLocation(),
        setupHashListener,
        setupHashListener
      )
    }
    history.listen(route => {
      this.apps.forEach((app) => {
        app._route = route
      })
    })
  }
  beforeEach (fn: Function): Function {
    return registerHook(this.beforeHooks, fn)
  }
  beforeResolve (fn: Function): Function {
    return registerHook(this.resolveHooks, fn)
  }
  afterEach (fn: Function): Function {
    return registerHook(this.afterHooks, fn)
  }
  onReady (cb: Function, errorCb?: Function) {
    this.history.onReady(cb, errorCb)
  }
  onError (errorCb: Function) {
    this.history.onError(errorCb)
  }
  push (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    this.history.push(location, onComplete, onAbort)
  }
  replace (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
    this.history.replace(location, onComplete, onAbort)
  }
  go (n: number) {
    this.history.go(n)
  }
  back () {
    this.go(-1)
  }
  forward () {
    this.go(1)
  }
  getMatchedComponents (to?: RawLocation | Route): Array<any> {
    const route: any = to
      ? to.matched
        ? to
        : this.resolve(to).route
      : this.currentRoute
    if (!route) {
      return []
    }
    return [].concat.apply([], route.matched.map(m => {
      return Object.keys(m.components).map(key => {
        return m.components[key]
      })
    }))
  }
  resolve (
    to: RawLocation,
    current?: Route,
    append?: boolean
  ): {
    location: Location,
    route: Route,
    href: string,
    normalizedTo: Location,
    resolved: Route
  } {
    const location = normalizeLocation(
      to,
      current || this.history.current,
      append,
      this
    )
    const route = this.match(location, current)
    const fullPath = route.redirectedFrom || route.fullPath
    const base = this.history.base
    const href = createHref(base, fullPath, this.mode)
    return {
      location,
      route,
      href,
      normalizedTo: location,
      resolved: route
    }
  }
  addRoutes (routes: Array<RouteConfig>) {
    this.matcher.addRoutes(routes)
    if (this.history.current !== START) {
      this.history.transitionTo(this.history.getCurrentLocation())
    }
  }
}

VueRouter 定义了一些属性和方法,我们先从它的构造函数看,当我们执行 new VueRouter 的时候做了哪些事情。

constructor (options: RouterOptions = {}) {
  this.app = null
  this.apps = []
  this.options = options
  this.beforeHooks = []
  this.resolveHooks = []
  this.afterHooks = []
  this.matcher = createMatcher(options.routes || [], this)
  let mode = options.mode || 'hash'
  this.fallback = mode === 'history' && !supportsPushState && options.fallback !== false
  if (this.fallback) {
    mode = 'hash'
  }
  if (!inBrowser) {
    mode = 'abstract'
  }
  this.mode = mode
  switch (mode) {
    case 'history':
      this.history = new HTML5History(this, options.base)
      break
    case 'hash':
      this.history = new HashHistory(this, options.base, this.fallback)
      break
    case 'abstract':
      this.history = new AbstractHistory(this, options.base)
      break
    default:
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
        assert(false, `invalid mode: ${mode}`)
      }
  }
}

构造函数定义了一些属性,其中 this.app 表示根 Vue 实例,this.apps 保存持有 $options.router 属性的 Vue 实例,this.options 保存传入的路由配置,this.beforeHooksthis.resolveHooksthis.afterHooks 表示一些钩子函数,我们之后会介绍,this.matcher 表示路由匹配器,我们之后会介绍,this.fallback 表示在浏览器不支持 history.pushState 的情况下,根据传入的 fallback 配置参数,决定是否回退到hash模式,this.mode 表示路由创建的模式,this.history 表示路由历史的具体的实现实例,它是根据 this.mode 的不同实现不同,它有 History 基类,然后不同的 history 实现都是继承 History

实例化 VueRouter 后会返回它的实例 router,我们在 new Vue 的时候会把 router 作为配置的属性传入,回顾一下上一节我们讲 beforeCreate 混入的时候有这么一段代码:

beforeCreate() {
  if (isDef(this.$options.router)) {
    // ...
    this._router = this.$options.router
    this._router.init(this)
    // ...
  }
}  

所以组件在执行 beforeCreate 钩子函数的时候,如果传入了 router 实例,都会执行 router.init 方法:

init (app: any) {
  process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && assert(
    install.installed,
    `not installed. Make sure to call \`Vue.use(VueRouter)\` ` +
    `before creating root instance.`
  )
  this.apps.push(app)
  if (this.app) {
    return
  }
  this.app = app
  const history = this.history
  if (history instanceof HTML5History) {
    history.transitionTo(history.getCurrentLocation())
  } else if (history instanceof HashHistory) {
    const setupHashListener = () => {
      history.setupListeners()
    }
    history.transitionTo(
      history.getCurrentLocation(),
      setupHashListener,
      setupHashListener
    )
  }
  history.listen(route => {
    this.apps.forEach((app) => {
      app._route = route
    })
  })
}

init 的逻辑很简单,它传入的参数是 Vue 实例,然后存储到 this.apps 中;只有根 Vue 实例会保存到 this.app 中,并且会拿到当前的 this.history,根据它的不同类型来执行不同逻辑,由于我们平时使用 hash 路由多一些,所以我们先看这部分逻辑,先定义了 setupHashListener 函数,接着执行了 history.transitionTo 方法,它是定义在 History 基类中,代码在 src/history/base.js

transitionTo (location: RawLocation, onComplete?: Function, onAbort?: Function) {
  const route = this.router.match(location, this.current)
  // ...
}

我们先不着急去看 transitionTo 的具体实现,先看第一行代码,它调用了 this.router.match 函数:

match (
  raw: RawLocation,
  current?: Route,
  redirectedFrom?: Location
): Route {
  return this.matcher.match(raw, current, redirectedFrom)
}

实际上是调用了 this.matcher.match 方法去做匹配,所以接下来我们先来了解一下 matcher 的相关实现。

总结

通过这一节的分析,我们大致对 VueRouter 类有了大致了解,知道了它的一些属性和方法,同时了了解到在组件的初始化阶段,执行到 beforeCreate 钩子函数的时候会执行 router.init 方法,然后又会执行 history.transitionTo 方法做路由过渡,进而引出了 matcher 的概念,接下来我们先研究一下 matcher 的相关实现。